Aditya L1 - India's first Solar Mission - ISRO's journey to the Sun.

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has announced that preparation for the launch of Aditya L1 are progressing smoothly and everything is set for lift off on saturday. In a release featuring pictures of the launch rehearsal, the Indian Space Research Agency informed that the                                         Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) has completed its internal checks and is fully prepared for its 59th mission. To deploy India's inaugural solar mission into a low earth orbit.

Will it land on the Sun.

No. unlike Chandrayaan - 3 where the Vikram Lander with Pragyan Rover inside softly touched down near the Lunar South Pole, the Solar Probe will instead be positioned at the First Lagrange Point (L1) Point in the Earth Sun System. The distance to the Lagrange Point (L1) point is 1.5 million km a span anticipated to be traversed by a spacecraft through various manoeuvres over the course of 4 months, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) said. Remarkably this distance represents only 1% of the overall 150 million kms separation between the Earth and the Sun.

Which mission has gone closest to the Sun?

In Dec-2021, a space craft touched the Sun for the first time in history. National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA's parker Solar Probe navigated through the Sun's upper atmosphere known as the Corona and sampled particles and the magnetic fields within. The Parker Probe reached to about 7.8 million kms from the Sun's surface.

The Parker Solar Probe Mission.

The Probe Weight - 1.350 lb length 9 ft 10 inches magnetometers will measure electric and magnetic fields radio emissions and shock waves. The Spacecraft will fly through the Sun's atmosphere to within 3.7 million miles 7 times closer than any spacecraft has come before.

Arriving at Sun - 2024.

Electromagnetic waves, antenna measure radio emissions of the Sun and the Solar Winds. Thermal Shield to protect instruments in 8 feet in diameter and made of 14.5 in thick carbon composite. Since then, it has been executing loops in a highly elliptical orbit around the Sun, gradually drawing nearer with each orbit and relaying in abundance of observational data. At present, the NASA Probe, which orbits the sun is situated approximately 50 million km away from the earth. It is currently making loops around venus as part of preparations for an upcoming close encounter with the Sun Parker Solar Probe will employ Venus flybys to gradually reduce its orbit around the Sun, ultimately approaching as close as 6.16 million kms from its surface, During its anticipated closest approach in Jun-2025 Parker Solar Probe will be huntling around the Sun at an astonishing speed of approximately 6,92,000 kmph. To put this into perspective, its fast enough to travel from New Delhi to Lahore in just 2 seconds.

Aditya was planned for 2008 itself for going into near Earth Orbitals at around 800 km to go around the Earth and then keep looking at the Sun and give data.

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has had a plan for space exploration for quite some time and more than 15 years Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) also has to take up further challenges of interplanetary missions former Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) scientist     Dr. Y.S. Rajan a recepient of the 2012 Padma Shri award for his contributions to science and engineering told. Dr. Y.S. Rajan also coauthored India 2020. A vision for the New millinium with former President of India Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam of the 7 payloads 4 will directly study the Sun, and the remaining 3 will (in-situ) on-site scientific experiments, study particles and fields at a Lagrange Point (L1) Point. The Visible Emission Line Coronograph (VELC) the primary payload of  Aditya Lagrange Point (L1) Point will be sending 1,440 images per day to the ground station for analysis on reaching the intended orbit. Aditya Lagrange Point (L1) Point Sun mission payload to send 1,440 images per day says scientists. Aditya Lagrange Point (L1) Point will be launched by Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) C-57 rocket on Sep-2-2023 at 11:50:AM. It carries 7 Payloads to study the Sun.

Important Points to remember:

1) Mass of Payload of Aditya Lagrange Point (L1) Solar Mission - 244kg

2) If the Sun is compared to the Earth then Sun is 109 times bigger than Earth.

3) Sun orginated approximately 4.6 billion years.

4) The temperature of the Sun is measured with a Pyrometer.

5) The outermost layer of the Sun is known as Corona.

6) Solar Flare - highly energetic electrons & protons are ejected.

7) Earth's Magnetic Field protects Earth from Solar Flares.

8) Temperature of the Sun approximately is 6000.C 

9) Approximately 8.6 minutes is the time taken for Sunlight to reach the Earth.

10) Sun is made up of different gases - 

Hydrogen - 70% (approx).

Helium - 28% (approx).

11) Maximum distance between Sun and Earth is called Aphelion.

12) Minimum distance between Sun and Earth is called Perihelion.

13) Surface of the Sun is called Photosphere.

14) Solar Eclipse occurs when Moon comes between Sun and Earth.

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